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WAVEsystem: KYMAchip storage and reuse guide
WAVEsystem: KYMAchip storage and reuse guide
The next evolution of sensor chip for the WAVEsystem, the KYMAchip continues to deliver broad sample compatibility and no-clog design, now with more precisely defined channels for highly consistent data.
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Our microfluidic cartridges have powered biophysical grating-coupled interferometry (GCI) analysis on the WAVEsystem for years, supporting applications from large particles to crude samples and membrane proteins. KYMAchip, the next generation of the WAVEchip, generates the same high-quality kinetic data as its predecessor – with reduced rise time; signal transitions are even sharper than before, allowing for more accurate binding measurements. Its new and improved channel design reduces channel-to-channel variability and results in greater confidence in kinetic analysis, faster.
The KYMAchip can be stored and reused, time after time. Benefit from the new KYMAchip without compromising data quality or changing your existing workflows.
Redesigned channels enable rapid switching between buffer and sample, resulting in fast signal transitions that support accurate measurement of even the fastest dissociation rates (up to 10 s⁻¹) and complex interactions.
Enhanced robustness enables the KYMAchip to be stored and reused, while preserving the trusted no-clog microfluidics for the broadest application range, from small molecules to membrane proteins.
Precisely defined channel architecture reduces channel-to-channel variability, delivering more reproducible data.
The KYMAchip's parallel flow cells and redesigned channels further optimize buffer-to-sample switching, generating even faster sample transitions for improved temporal resolution of rapid association and dissociation events. This results in clearer sensorgrams and more reliable kinetic analysis for weak-binding interactions.
The KYMAchip's precisely defined channels reduce channel-to-channel variability, delivering:
This improves reproducibility across replicates, delivering consistent kinetic parameters and streamlining data analysis.
The KYMAchip’s consistency supports the WAVEsystem's platform-leading sensitivity: resolving kinetics from signals below 1 pg/mm² (1 RU), with noise below 0.01 pg/mm² and baseline drift below 0.3 pg/mm²/min, at ligand-to-analyte molecular weight ratios up to 1000:1.
The innovative fluidics design of the KYMAchip integrates all the microfluidics within the chip, rather than within the WAVEsystem itself. It also places large-bore standard valves downstream in the instrument, instead of having microvalves near the chip.
The WAVEsystem offers crude-sample robustness typically achieved only with plate-based assays.
KYMAchip is compatible with a broad range of sample types, including:
The chemically resistant cartridge is compatible with harsh solvents, enabling the use of high concentrations of DMSO, acetonitrile, and other organic solvents typical of fragment libraries, and viscous detergents. This allows for exploration of solubilization and purification conditions for membrane proteins, and reliable and confident characterization of challenging targets.
With enhanced robustness compared to the WAVEchip, the KYMAchip can also be removed from the WAVEsystem and reinserted, allowing it to be stored and reused.
Time-consuming purification steps and clogging frequently take other systems offline.
By contrast, KYMAchip’s no-clog microfluidics handle crude and complex samples without added labor for your operators, delivering rapid, high-quality data with superior resolution in signal and time.
| WAVEchip sensor | Sensor surface matrix | Immobilization modality | Suggested applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCP | Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | Amine coupling | Large ligands and/or analytes such as proteo-/liposomes, viruses, VLPs |
| PCP-STA | Pre-immobilized streptavidin
Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | Biotin | Large biotinylated ligands, analytes such as liposomes, viruses, VLPs |
| PCP-RST | Regenerable streptavidin surface
Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | Biotin | Large biotinylated ligands, ligand screening |
| PCP-PAG | Pre-immobilized fusion protein A/G
Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | IgG | For capturing the broadest range of IgG and FC-tagged proteins |
| PCP-NTA | Pre-immobilized NTA
Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | His-Tag | Large His-tagged ligands, analytes such as liposomes, viruses, VLPs |
| PCP-LIP | Pre-immobilized lipophilic groups
Quasi-planar PC hydrogel | Lipid | Hydrophobic (large) ligands such as liposomes, membrane vesicles |
| PCZ | Functionalized with a zwitterionic polymer bearing carboxylic acids and tertiary amines in similar densities, quasi-planar PC hydrogel | Amine coupling | Low fouling, ideal for coupling proteins with low isoelectric points or polyanionic ligands |
| PCL | Low capacity, thick PC hydrogel with a lower amount of negative charges (approx. 25%) | Amine coupling | Complex matrices such as serum, culture supernatant. Requires sulfo-NHS for activation |
| PCH | Thick PC hydrogel | Amine coupling | Large ligand-to-analyte molecular weight ratio, general purpose |
| PCH-NTA | Pre-immobilized NTA
Thick PC hydrogel | His-Tag | His-tagged ligands, general purpose |
| PCH-STA | Pre-immobilized streptavidin
Thick hydrogel | Biotin | Biotinylated ligands, general purpose |
| PCH-RST | Regenerable streptavidin surface
Thick hydrogel | Biotin | Biotinylated ligands, ligand screening |
| DXP | Quasi-planar DX hydrogel | Amine coupling | Large ligands and/or analytes such as proteo-/liposomes, viruses, VLPs |
| DXH-STA | Pre-immobilized streptavidin
Thick DX hydrogel | Biotin | Biotinylated ligands, general purpose |
| DXH | Thick DX hydrogel | Amine coupling | Large ligand-to-analyte molecular weight ratio, general purpose |
| PC- = polycarboxylate, DX- = Carboxymethyldextran.
DX coated sensors available upon request | |||
WAVEsystem: KYMAchip storage and reuse guide
Both KYMAchips and the original WAVEchips offer:
The new KYMAchip delivers:
KYMAchips are compatible with a wide variety of samples, including:
This depends on the chip type, immobilization method, and ligand behavior. His-tagged ligands on Ni-NTA surfaces and ligands on Protein A/G surfaces can be regenerated and recaptured multiple times. The KYMAchip's redesigned channels make it robust, so the chip can be removed, stored, and reinserted for reuse.
The immobilization capacity depends on the chip type and immobilization method. The highest capacity chip in the WAVEsystem portfolio, the 4PCH WAVEchip, can immobilize up to 35,000 pg/mm2 of BSA, but the experimental capacity depends on the exact ligand used.
The WAVEcontrol software has a built-in simulator that helps determine the ligand density required for an acceptable theoretical response.
