The Viscotek range of GPC/SEC systems and detectors includes a wide selection of general and specialty columns for a wide range of applications. This technical note provides an introduction to the columns as well as providing some their technical details. Table 1 summarizes the available columns and where they can be found in this technical note. All columns have been tested and been shown to be suitable for light scattering measurements.
|
| Column type | Description | Shipping solvent | Page |
|---|---|---|---|
| T- | Standard SVB columns for measurements of THF-soluble synthetic polymers | THF | 2 |
| C- | Standard SVB columns for measurements of Chloroform-soluble synthetic polymers | Chloroform | 7 |
| D- | Standard SVB columns for measurements of DMF-soluble synthetic polymers | DMF | 7 |
| HFIP- | Standard SVB columns for measurements of HFIP-soluble synthetic polymers | HFIP | 7 |
| Inert- | Fluorinated DVB columns for the measurements of synthetic polymers that interact with traditional SVB columns | DCM | 10 |
| A- | Standard methacrylate columns for measurements of polymers and polysaccharides soluble in aqueous buffers | Water | 11 |
| Cation- | Aminated-divinyl benzene columns for measurements of positively charged polymers | THF | 13 |
| P- | Silica columns for measurements of proteins | Water | 14 |
| PLS- | Silica columns with high resolution and extremely low column shedding, ideally suited to light scattering measurements of proteins | Water | 16 |
T-columns are a selection of general purpose columns made from a styrene divinyl-benzene copolymer. They are available in a range of linear and mixed bed sizes and are applicable for synthetic polymer samples dissolved in THF. Typical samples measured using T-columns include PS, PMMA, low MW PEG, asphaltanes, xylene solubles, polysiloxanes, PLA, PLGA, polyurethanes, PVC, and rubber materials.
Figure 2 shows calibration curves for the T-columns. The columns from T1000 to T7000 are single-pore columns, each with a narrow separation range that may need to be combined to cover the range required for the application. The T6000M is a mixed bed column suitable for separations covering a wide molecular weight range and its relationship with the T single porosity columns is shown in the left hand side of Figure 2. The LT series are linear mixed-bed columns covering a range of pore sizes, and the ranges covered are shown on the right hand side of Figure 2. FIPA columns are intended for use in FIPA applications. They offer no separation of the sample but do separate the sample from the solvent for an ensemble-type measurement.
T-columns are 300 x 8 mm. FIPA H100-3078 columns are 300 x 7.8 mm. FIPA H100-1078 columns are 100 x 7.8 mm.
Details of the T-column specifications and ranges are shown in Table1 and the solvent compatibilities are shown in Table 2.
|
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW polystyrene | Max. pore size (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM3000 | T1000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 1,500 | 50 |
| CLM3001 | T2000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 5,000 | 150 |
| CLM3002 | T2500, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 20,000 | 300 |
| CLM3003 | T3000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 70,000 | 500 |
| CLM3004 | T4000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 7 | > 18,000 | 400,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3005 | T5000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3006 | T6000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3007 | T7000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 18 | > 6,000 | (200,000,000) | 20,000 |
| CLM3008 | TGuard | 8 | guard column | ||
| CLM3009 | T6000M, General Mixed Org | 10 | > 13,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3010 | LT3000L, Mixed, Ultra-Low Org | 6 | > 18,000 | 70,000 | 500 |
| CLM3011 | LT4000L, Mixed, Low Org | 7 | > 18,000 | 400,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3012 | LT5000L, Mixed, Medium Org | 10 | > 11,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3013 | LT6000L, Mixed, High Org | 10 | > 11,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3014 | LT7000L, Mixed, Ultra-High Org | 18 | > 6,000 | (200,000,000) | 20,000 |
| CLM2100 | FIPA H100-3078 Non-Polar Organic Column | 5 | FIPA column | ||
| CLM1100 | FIPA H100-1078 Non-Polar Organic Column | 5 | FIPA column | ||
| CLM1210 | FIPA Guard Column H100-0478 | 5 | FIPA column | ||
| Solvent | Column | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1000 | T2000 T2500 LT3000L LT4000L | T3000 | T4000 T5000 T6000 T7000 T6000M LT5000L LT6000L LT7000L | FIPA | |
| THF | • | • | • | • | • |
| Chloroform | • | • | • | • | • |
| Carbon tetrachloride | × | • | • | • | • |
| Benzene | • | • | • | • | • |
| Toluene | • | • | • | • | • |
| p-Xylene | × | • | • | • | • |
| o-Dichlorobenzene (ODCB) | × | × | • | • | • |
| Trichlorobenzene (TCB) | × | × | • | • | • |
| Dioxane | × | • | • | • | • |
| Diethyl ether | × | × | • | • | • |
| Ethyl acetate | × | × | • | • | • |
| Acetone | × | × | • | • | • |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | × | × | • | • | • |
| Dimethylformamide (DMF) | × | × | • | • | • |
| Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) | × | × | • | • | • |
| Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) | × | × | × | • | • |
| m-Cresol | × | × | • | • | × |
| o-Chlorophenol | × | × | • | • | × |
| Quinolin | × | × | • | • | × |
| N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) | × | × | • | • | • |
| Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) | × | × | × | Δ | • |
| m-Cresol/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | × | • | • | • | × |
| o-Chlorophenol/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | × | • | • | • | × |
| HFIP/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | × | • | • | • | • |
| Hexane | × | × | × | × | • |
| Acetonitrile | × | × | × | × | • |
| Methanol | × | × | × | × | • |
| Water | × | × | × | × | × |
| • Can be exchanged
Δ Can be exchanged but may cause the column performance to deteriorate. × Cannot be used/exchanged | |||||
C-columns, D-columns, and HFIP-columns are an extension to the T-Column range of styrene divinyl-benzene columns. They are similar to the T-columns but shipped in chloroform, dimethylformamide (DMF), and hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP), respectively. Tables 3, 4, and 5 list the columns available in each of these ranges.
Typical samples for C-columns include PMMA, PLA, PLGA, polycarbonate, and polythiophenes. Typical samples for D-columns include PMMA, pullulan, PEG, PNIPAm, cotton, polyvinyl pyridine, and starch. Typical samples for HFIP-columns include nylon, PET and PMMA.
C-, D- and HFIP-columns are single-pore columns. The C6000M, D6000M, and HFIP6000M are mixed bed columns suitable for separations covering a wide molecular weight range. The LC series are linear mixed-bed columns covering a range of pore sizes. C-columns are single-pore columns. They are 300 x 8 mm.
Since C-columns, D-columns and HFIP-columns are based on the same gels as T-columns, the calibration curves for T-columns can be used for their respective C-, D-, and HFIP-column equivalents. Solvent compatibility is also comparable to T-columns so table 2 can be used as a reference.
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW Polystyrene | Max. pore size (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM3029 | C1000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 1,500 | 50 |
| CLM3030 | C2000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 5,000 | 150 |
| CLM3031 | C2500, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 20,000 | 300 |
| CLM3032 | C3000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 18,000 | 70,000 | 500 |
| CLM3033 | C4000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 7 | > 18,000 | 400,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3034 | C5000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3035 | C6000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3036 | C7000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 18 | > 6,000 | (200,000,000) | 20,000 |
| CLM3037 | CGuard | 8 | guard column | ||
| CLM3038 | C6000M, General Mixed Org | 10 | > 13,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3039 | LC3000L, Mixed, Ultra-Low Org | 6 | > 18,000 | 70,000 | 500 |
| CLM3040 | LC4000L, Mixed, Low Org | 7 | > 18,000 | 400,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3041 | LC5000L, Mixed, Medium Org | 10 | > 11,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3042 | LC6000L, Mixed, High Org | 10 | > 11,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3043 | LC7000L, Mixed, Ultra-High Org | 18 | > 6,000 | (200,000,000) | 20,000 |
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW Polystyrene | Max. pore size (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM3044 | D1000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 17,000 | 2,500 | 50 |
| CLM3045 | D2000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 17,000 | 5,000 | 150 |
| CLM3046 | D2500, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 17,000 | 20,000 | 300 |
| CLM3047 | D3000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 17,000 | 70,000 | 500 |
| CLM3048 | D4000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 7 | > 17,000 | 400,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3049 | D5000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3050 | D6000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 11,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3051 | D7000, Org GPC/SEC Col | 18 | > 6,000 | (200,000,000) | 20,000 |
| CLM3052 | DGuard | 8 | guard column | ||
| CLM3053 | D6000M, General Mixed Org | 10 | > 13,000 | (20,000,000) | 10,000 |
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW PMMA | Max. pore size (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM3054 | HFIP3000, HFIP-GPC Col | 10 | > 10,000 | 10,000 | 500 |
| CLM3055 | HFIP4000, HFIP-GPC Col | 7 | > 12,000 | 100,000 | 1,500 |
| CLM3056 | HFIP5000, HFIP-GPCCol | 10 | > 10,000 | 1,000,000 | 5,000 |
| CLM3057 | HFIP6000, HFIP-GPC Col | 10 | > 10,000 | (10,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3058 | HFIP7000, HFIP-GPC Col | 18 | > 4,000 | (100,000,000) | 20,000 |
| CLM3060 | HFIP6000M, HFIP-GPC Col | 10 | > 10,000 | (10,000,000) | 10,000 |
| CLM3059 | HFIPGuard, HFIP-GPC Guard Col | 15 | Guard column | ||
Viscotek I-columns are made from a styrene divinyl-benzene material coated to reduce interaction between the column and the sample. I-columns are ideal for particular applications where interaction between the column and the sample is common. They are designed for use in polar organic solvents such as DMF, dichloromethane (DCM), and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). They are also suited to running formic acid. They are shipped in DCM.
Key applications for I-columns include nylon dissolved in formic acid and PNIPAm. If you think an I-column might be useful, contact a Malvern representative for more information.
I-columns are mixed bed columns covering a range of pore sizes. They are 300 x 7.8 mm. Figure 3 shows calibration curves for the I-columns. Details of the I-column specifications and ranges are shown in Table 6 and the solvent compatibilities are shown in Table 7.
For more detailed information about the I-columns, please download the user manual from the web-site
|
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW polysterene | Max. pore size (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM1011 | I-MBLMW-3078 | 10 | > 7,500 | 20,000 | 1,000 |
| CLM1012 | I-MBMMW-3078 | 10 | > 7,500 | 200,000 | 10,000 |
| CLM1013 | I-MBHMW-3078 | 10 | > 7,500 | 10,000,000 | 100,000 |
| CLM1014 | I-OLIGO-3078 | 5 | > 15,000 | 10,000 | 500 |
| CLM1019 | I-GUARD-0478 | 10 | NA | 20,000 | 1,000 |
| Solvent | All I-Columns | Solvent | All I-Columns |
|---|---|---|---|
| THF | • | Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) | • |
| Chloroform | • | m-Cresol | × |
| Benzene | • | o-Chlorophenol | × |
| Toluene | • | Quinolin | • |
| p-Xylene | • | N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) | • |
| o-Dichlorobenzene (ODCB) | • | Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) | • |
| Trichlorobenzene (TCB) | • | 30% m-Cresol/Chloroform | × |
| Dioxane | • | 30% o-Chlorophenol/Chloroform | × |
| Diethyl ether | • | 30% HFIP/Chloroform | • |
| Ethyl acetate | • | Hexane | • |
| Acetone | • | Acetonitrile | • |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | • | Methanol | • |
| Dimethylformamide(DMF) | • | Water | × |
| Dimethylacetamide(DMAc) | • | ||
| • Can be exchanged
× Cannot be used/exchanged | |||
Viscotek A-columns are a general purpose polymethylmethacrylate column for use with polymers and polysaccharides soluble in water and aqueous buffers.
Typical samples for A-columns include PEO, pullulan, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, cellulose derivatives, hyaluronic acids and most other polysaccharides.
A-columns are single-pore columns, with dimensions of 300 x 8 mm. The A6000M is a mixed bed column suitable for separations covering a wide molecular weight range. Figure 4 shows the calibration curves for the A-columns.
Details of the A-column specifications and ranges are shown in Table 8 and the solvent compatibilities are shown in Table 9.
|
| Part
Number | Grade | Particle
Size (μm) | Theoretical
Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion
Limit MW Pullulan | Max.
pore size (A) | Max
pressure (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM3015 | A2000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 8 | > 12,000 | 4,000 | 100 | 5.0 |
| CLM3016 | A2500, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 16,000 | 10,000 | 200 | 5.0 |
| CLM3017 | A3000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 6 | > 16,000 | 100,000 | 800 | 5.0 |
| CLM3018 | A4000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 10 | > 16,000 | 1,000,000 | 2,000 | 3.0 |
| CLM3019 | A5000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 13 | > 12,000 | (4,000,000) | 7,000 | 3.0 |
| CLM3020 | A6000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 13 | > 12,000 | (20,000,000) | 15,000 | 3.0 |
| CLM3021 | A6000M, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 13 | > 12,000 | (20,000,000) | 15,000 | 3.0 |
| CLM3022 | A7000, Aq GPC/SEC Col | 35 | > 1,500 | (500,000,000) | 30,000 | 0.5 |
| CLM3023 | AGuard | 10 | guard column | |||
| CLM3024 | A7Guard | 35 | guard column | |||
| Column type | Methanol | Acetonitrile | DMF | DMSO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2000 | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0% |
| A2500 (refer to caution below) | 0 - 100 % | 0 - 75 % | 0 - 100 % | 100% |
| A3000 | 0 - 100 % | 0 - 75 % | 0 - 100 % | 0% |
| A4000, A5000, A6000, A6000M | 0 - 75 % | 0 - 75 % | 0 - 100 % | 0% |
| A7000 | 0 - 30% | 0 - 30% | 0% | 0% |
Viscotek cation-columns are designed for cationic polymers in aqueous buffers that are difficult to elute due to a positive charge. The packing material is an aminated divinylbenzene which eliminates sample adsorption for cationic polymers in buffers with low salt concentrations.
They are primarily intended for cationic polysaccharides such as chitosans run in 5% Acetic acid.
Cation-columns are mixed bed columns covering a range of pore sizes and are 300 x 7.8 mm.
Details of the cation-column specifications and ranges are shown in Table 9 and the solvent compatibilities are shown in Table 10.
|
| Part number | Grade | Description | Exclusion Limit | Max Pressure | Dimensions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM1031 | C-MBLMW-3078 | Mixed Bed Low MW | >20K PS | 2500 PSI | 7.8 mm x 30 cm |
| CLM1032 | C-MBMMW-3078 | Mixed Bed Mid MW | >200K PS | 1500 PSI | 7.8 mm x 30 cm |
| CLM1033 | C-MBHMW-3078 | Mixed Bed High MW | >10M PS | 1500 PSI | 7.8 mm x 30 cm |
| CLM1034 | C-OLIGO-3078 | Oligomeric MW | >10K PS | 2500 PSI | 7.8 mm x 30 cm |
| CLM1039 | C-Guard-0478 | Guard Column | >20K PS | 2500 PSI | 7.8 mm x 4 cm |
Table 10: Cation-column solvent compatibility
| Solvent | CATION Columns | Solvent | CATION Columns |
|---|---|---|---|
| THF | • | Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) | • |
| Chloroform | • | Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) | • |
| Carbon tetrachloride | • | m-Cresol | × |
| Benzene | • | o-Chlorophenol | × |
| Toluene | • | Quinolin | × |
| p-Xylene | • | N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) | • |
| o-Dichlorobenzene (ODCB) | • | Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) | • |
| Trichlorobenzene (TCB) | • | m-Cresol/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | × |
| Dioxane | • | o-Chlorophenol/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | × |
| Diethyl ether | • | HFIP/Chloroform 30/70 v/v | • |
| Ethyl acetate | • | Hexane | • |
| Acetone | • | Acetonitrile | • |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | • | Methanol | • |
| Dimethylformamide (DMF) | • | Water | • |
Viscotek P-columns are silica-based columns for the separations of proteins in aqueous buffers. They can be used at a pH range of 3 - 7.5 and they can be used for light scattering experiments. They are 300 x 8 mm.
P-columns can be used with up to 100% acetonitrile or methanol.
Figure 6 shows calibration curves for the P-columns and the specifications are shown in Table 11.
|
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Theoretical Plate Number (per column) | Exclusion Limit MW | Max. pore size (A) | Max pressure (MPa) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Pullulan | ||||||
| CLM3025 | P2500, Protein SEC Col | 5 | >21,000 | 150,000 | 60,000 | 400 | 5.0 |
| CLM3026 | P3000, Protein SEC Col | 5 | > 21,000 | 700,000 | 170,000 | 1,000 | 5.0 |
| CLM3027 | P4000, Protein SEC Col | 7 | > 16,000 | (1,000,000) | 500,000 | 1,500 | 5.0 |
| CLM3028 | PGuard | 7 | guard column | ||||
Viscotek PLS-columns are silica-based columns for the separation of proteins for light scattering applications. Their excellent stability minimizes particle shedding to maintain light scattering baselines as clean as possible. They offer excellent separation and have slightly improved pH stability over other silica columns.
Three columns types are available and Figure 7 shows the calibration curves for them and the specifications are in Table 12. PLS5030 have larger particle size and are for general purposes. PLS3030 have smaller particle sizes for improved resolution but have slightly higher back pressure. PLS3030H are smaller particle sizes and have a modified surface for use with particularly hydrophobic proteins. Each is available with a guard column of similar type.
PLS-columns can be used with up to 100% acetonitrile or methanol. They can be used at pH 2 - 8.5 and are 300 x 7.8 mm.
|
| Part Number | Grade | Particle Size (μm) | Exclusion Limit MW Protein | Max. pore size (A) | Max. Pressure (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLM5004 | PLS5030 Protein LS col | 5 | 1,250,000 | 300 | 5.0 |
| CLM5007 | PLS5200G Protein LS guard col | 5 | Guard column | ||
| CLM5008 | PLS3030 Protein LS col high-res | 3 | 1,250,000 | 300 | 5 |
| CLM5012 | PLS3030G Protein LS guard col high-res | 3 | Guard column | ||
| CLM5013 | PLS3030H Protein LS col high-res hydrophobic | 3 | 1,250,000 | 300 | 5 |
| CLM5017 | PLS3030G Protein LS guard col high-res hydrophobic | 3 | Guard column | ||
