Environmental and climate science

Find out how our analytical solutions can advance your research on the atmosphere, land, and water

Interested in improving your environmental and climate science knowledge with the help of our analytical solutions? Whether you’re a student, a researcher, or a professor, we’ve got a wide range of useful articles on the most relevant applications of our atmosphere, land, and water research solutions.

The materials researched and the analytical methods used in environmental and climate science research often overlap with Agriculture and Food Sciences, and Geological Sciences, Minerals, and Mining, so you may also find useful information on those pages. The method abbreviations are explained at the bottom of this page. Enjoy exploring!

The atmosphere

Through research in meteorology, pollution, and climate change, we’re always studying the atmosphere. Here are just a few ways we can make new discoveries in atmospheric sciences. A big part of investigating our atmosphere also includes calibrating for different atmospheric conditions. Take a look at our application examples below to find out more!

The Atmosphere

Method

Sample/Subject

Application Note Title (Link)

Clouds radiative properties - calibration of spectra

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Cloud and surface radiative properties

Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Functions Derived from CERES Helicopter Data Over the Arm Southern Great Plains Site

Night-time lights - calibration of spectra

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Night-time light using a Nightsat sensor

Spectral Signatures of Night-time Lights

Particles, ash - automated imaging

Imaging

Volcanic ash

Assessing the abrasivity of volcanic ash from the Eyjafjallajökulll volcano eruption using the Morphologi G3

Particles, pollution - automated imaging

Imaging

1 ml of a 2000 particles/ml counting standard (Thermo Scientific Ezy-cal lot 37088) 

Particle characterization and counting on filter membranes using the Morphologi G3 automated image analysis system

Particles, pollution - elemental analysis

XRF

EPA method IO-3.3 for 55 elements

Elemental analysis of air filters according to US EPA method IO-3.3

Particles, pollution - elemental analysis

XRF

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn in air

Ambient air monitoring: analysis of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn as particulates on air filters

Solar spectral energy - calibration of spectra

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Solar Spectral Energy

Measuring Solar Spectral Energy Application Note

Land

With the demands on land constantly increasing, it’s more important than ever to study land use, land erosion, and soil properties, and to map variations in biology and vegetation. To find out more about investigating mineral deposits, check out Geological Sciences, Minerals, and Mining. Land researchers can use analytical instruments to calibrate and validate airborne satellite images and carry out ground- and lab-based experiments. Take a look below to find out more about our land research solutions!

Land

Method

Sample/Subject

Application Note Title (Link)

Change of use and invasive species - calibration of airborne sensor

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Land-use change and invasive species

Radiometric Calibration Concept of Imaging Spectrometers for a Long-Term Ecological Remote Sensing Project

Earth from space - Calibration of spectra

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Earth surface

Non-imaging Airborne Spectroscopy for Calibrating Satellite Imagery

Earth from the air - calibration of spectra

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Calibrations or radiance spectra at Ivanpah Playa, California, and Lake Mead, Nevada

The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) — A New Instrument for Earth Science Studies

Soil - lab-based measurement of mineralogy and total carbon

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Soil carbon, soil minerals

Measurement of Soil Mineralogy and Total Carbon Using NIR

Soil - organic carbon content

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)

Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon in Soil Samples using an ASD NIR Spectrometer

Vegetation - review of remote sensing methods

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Review article of land-air mapping

Scaling Spectroscopic Approaches – From Leaf Albedo to Ecosystems Mapping

Water

From Himalayan Snow to our coastal waters, we have a keen interest in water as a precious life-giving natural resource. We study water treatment for human consumption, as well as how water becomes polluted and the impact water has on our environment. Check out our application notes below to find out more about our water research solutions!

Water

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Drinking water - particle content

NTA

Drinking water before and after filtration

Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment

Fire protection, water mists - particle size

LD

Water, mist systems/surfactants

Characterizing fire suppression systems using the Malvern Spraytec

Wastewater treatment - coagulation

ELS

Wastewater, coagulant

Real-time data enables spot-on coagulant dosing - article

Water quality - chlorophyll, phosphorous, and turbidity

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Water quality parameters such as chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and total phosphorus 

Coupling Hyperspectral Remote Sensing with Field Spectrometry to Monitor Inland Water Quality Parameters

Water treatment - clarification control

ELS

Severn-Trent water treatment

Moving towards automated clarification control in water treatment: The industrial benefits of online zeta potential measurement – white paper

Water treatment - flocculation

ELS

Bentonite (aluminum-silicate clay particles /water model system + cationic flocculant (alum))

Optimization of Water Treatment using Zeta Potential

Water treatment - nanoparticles 

NTA

Researching the toxicity and environmental impact of nanoparticles

Assessing Nanoparticle Toxicity in Wastewater using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis - Whitepaper

Water treatment - process control

ELS

Wastewater, treated water

The role of zeta potential in water treatment process control

Water treatment - removal of toxins

ELS

RNIP (reactive nano iron particles) to remove toxic chlorinated compounds (i.e. trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane)

Water Remediation: Reactive Nano-Iron Particles

Water treatment - turbidity simulations

ELS

Intralipid samples to simulate turbidity

Concentration limits for zeta potential measurements in the Zetasizer Nano

Explicação das abreviações

Nossos produtos e tecnologias são descritos nas páginas de Produtos. Abaixo, você encontrará uma referência rápida às propriedades medidas por nossos instrumentos, juntamente com o nome da medição e sua abreviação. Clique em cada método para saber mais sobre ele! 

Abreviação

Nome do método

Instrumento(s)

Propriedade medida

DLS

Espalhamento de luz dinâmico

Zetasizer

Tamanho molecular, raio hidrodinâmico RH, tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho, estabilidade, concentração, aglomeração

ELS

Espalhamento de luz eletroforético

Zetasizer

Potencial zeta, carga de partículas, estabilidade da suspensão, mobilidade de proteínas

ITC

Calorimetria de titulação isotérmica

MicroCal ITC

Afinidade de ligação, termodinâmica de reações moleculares na solução

DSC

Calorimetria de Varredura Diferencial

Microcal DSC

Desnaturação (desdobramento) de moléculas grandes, estabilidade de macromoléculas

GCI

Interferometria acoplada a grade

WAVEsystem da Creoptix

Cinética de ligação em tempo real e afinidade de ligação, sem rótulo, com fluidos

IMG

Análise Automatizada de Imagens

Morphologi 4

Formação de imagens de partículas, formato automatizado e medição de tamanho

MDRS

Espectroscopia Raman Dirigida Morfologicamente

Morphologi 4-ID

Formação de imagens de partículas, medição automatizada da forma e do tamanho, identificação química e detecção de contaminantes

LD

Difração laser

Mastersizer

Spraytec

Insitec

Parsum

Tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho

NTA

Análise de Rastreamento de Nanopartículas

NanoSight

Tamanho das partículas, distribuição de tamanho e concentração

SEC  ou  GPC

Cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho /

Cromatografia de permeação em gel

OMNISEC

Tamanho molecular, peso molecular, estado oligomérico, tamanho de polímero ou proteína e estrutura molecular

SPE

Preparação da amostra por fusão

Le Neo

LeDoser

Eagon 2

O OxAdvanced

M4

rFusion

Preparação da amostra fundida para XRF, preparações de solução de peróxido para ICP, pesagem de fluxo para preparação de amostra fundida

UV/Vis/NIR/SWIR

Espectrometria infravermelha de ondas curtas/ultravioletas/visíveis/próximas a infravermelho

LabSpec

FieldSpec

TerraSpec

QualitySpec

Identificação e análise de material, umidade, mineral, teor de carbono. Trégua de aterramento para técnicas espectroscópicas aéreas e por satélite.

PFTNA

Ativação de nêutron térmica rápida pulsada

CNA

Análise elementar em linha

XRD-C

Difração de raios X  (cristalografia)

Aeris

Empyrean

Refinamento da estrutura do cristal molecular,

identificação e quantificação de fase cristalina, relação de cristalino com amorfo, análise de tamanho de cristalito

XRD-M

Difração de raios X  (microestrutura)

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

Tensão residual, textura

XRD-CT

Absorção de raios X  imagens por tomografia computadorizada

Empyrean

Imagens 3D de sólidos, porosidade e densidade

SAXS

Dispersão de raios X em pequeno ângulo

Empyrean

Tamanho, forma e estrutura de nanopartículas

GISAXS

Dispersão de raios X de pequeno ângulo com incidência oblíqua

Empyrean

Filmes finos e superfícies nanoestruturados

HR-XRD

Difração de raios X de alta resolução

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

Filmes finos e multicamadas epitaxiais, composição, deformação, espessura, qualidade

XRR

Refletividade de raios X

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

Filmes finos e superfícies, espessura do filme, rugosidade da superfície e da interface

XRF

Fluorescência de raios X

Epsilon

Zetium

Axios FAST

2830 ZT

Composição elementar, concentração elementar, elementos traço, detecção de contaminantes