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Regulators are concerned about the potential for environmental chemicals such as agrochemicals and their metabolites to perturb hormone systems. This has led to recommendations for the testing of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. The Steroidogenesis H295R assay is an in vitro cell model used to investigate compound effects on steroid hormone biosynthesis, specifically 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis and thus forms one of the required OECD in vitro tests (TG456) for the assessment of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. Although it is possible to assess hormone levels with ELISA we elected to perform the TG456 assay with LC-MS/MS hormone detection, avoiding the test item interference issues reported for immunoassay-based readouts. Please login or register to download the poster.

Zetasizer Advance 基础指南

GCI is a surface-based, label-free biosensing technology. When target ligand molecules (e.g. proteins) are attached to the sensor surface, binding of injected analytes leads to an increase in mass and hence to a change in the refractive index near the sensor surface. The evanescent field generated across the whole wave-guide sensor ensures maximal detection sensitivity. In GCI, refractive index changes on a sensor surface are measured as time-dependent phase-shift signals (interferometry). The long light-to-sample interaction length of the waveguide provides intrinsically high signal-to-noise levels.

Solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) are a twostage hydrometallurgy technique within the field of extractive metallurgy to obtain metals from their ores and convert to a pure metal cathode, ready for use in industry. SX/EW processing is best known for its use by the base metals industry (copper, zinc), but this technology is also successfully applied to a wide range of other metals including cobalt, nickel and uranium. Solvent extraction involves the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. These processes require a lot of energy and chemicals. Constant monitoring enables pro-active reaction of operations on changes in raw materials and lead to a more efficient use of resources. Solvents i.e. concentrated sulphuric acid (pH 0 – 2) are not easy to handle and require specific safety and environmental regulations. Real-time analysis does not require sample taking and handling by operators and ensures safer work conditions. Please login or register to read more.