Energy, fuel, and automotive engineering

Find out how our solutions can advance your knowledge of batteries, fluid dynamics, fossil fuels, fuel cells, and lubricants

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Want to know how our analysis methods can support your energy, fuel, and automotive engineering research? Whether you’re a student, a researcher, or a professor, we’ve put together links to examples of our solutions in batteries, fluid dynamics, fossil fuels, fuel cells, and lubricants.

The materials and analytical equipment involved overlap with applications in Chemistry and Applied ChemistryMaterials Science and Engineering, and Geological Sciences, Minerals and Mining – so feel free to check those pages for more information! Method abbreviations are explained at the bottom of this page.

Batteries research

Battery technology is a ‘hot topic’ – and involves research in many areas. This research can cover everything from charge storage and transfer and the synthesis of new battery materials, to modeling and testing battery designs and processing and upscaling battery production. Below, we’ve put together a selection of typical examples of our battery research solutions for battery material measurement. Take a look to discover more!

Batteries Research

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Battery manufacture - particle size and shape

MDRS

Carbon electrode materials, binder

The impact of electrode particle size and shape on battery slurry viscosity

Battery manufacture - particle size

LD

Carbon (milling)

On-line particle sizing of carbon for electrode production

Battery manufacture - particle size and shape

MDRS

Graphite particles

The Influence of Particle Shape on the Characteristics of Coating Films for Battery Electrodes

Battery manufacture - particle size and shape

MDRS

Graphite

Exploring the effect of carbon microstructure on lithium-ion battery performance

Battery manufacture - cathode material analysis

XRF

LiFePO4 (LFP)

Elemental composition analysis of LiFePO₄ cathode materials using XRF

Battery materials - particle size analysis

LD

Lithium cobalt oxide and lithium-ion phosphate, Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD),

Characterization of Battery Materials using Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis

Battery technology - overview

various

The role of analytical technologies in optimizing lithium-ion battery materials

Analytical toolkit for the optimization of battery electrode materials - whitepaper

Battery technology - battery integrity

XRD-CT

Zn-MnO2 alkaline batteries

Computed tomography on alkaline batteries

Battery technology – in-operando crystal phase analysis

XRD

Batteries in pouch cells. LiNMC coated on Al (cathode), graphite coated on Cu

High-quality in operando X-ray diffraction analysis of pouch bag lithium-ion batteries

Fluid dynamics

Several areas of engineering involve studying fluids and sprays – for instance, gas and liquid injection are important features of engine design. Our droplet size analysis instruments can be used to test features such as nozzle design. Find out more below!

Fluid Dynamics

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Fuel Injectors - droplet size

LD

Fuel sprays from different injectors

Characterization of fuel injectors using high speed laser diffraction droplet size measurements

Fossil fuels

As we navigate the transition away from fossil fuels, researchers are continuously exploring ways to use and re-use them more effectively. This can cover areas including:

  • Power engineering
  • Automotive engineering
  • Chemical and petrochemical engineering
  • Chemistry
  • Recycling
  • Environment
  • Mining
  • Minerals engineering


We’ve put together a few application examples of our fossil fuel research solutions – take a look to learn more!

Fossil Fuels

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Biodiesel blends - concentration

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

Biodiesel-diesel blends: Methyl esters of five different oils — soybean oil, canola oil, palm oil, waste cooling oil, and coconut oil, highway and off-road diesels

Predicting the Concentration and Specific Gravity of Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Biofuel - elemental composition

XRF

Waste

Analysis of a wide range of alternative fuel materials using a single calibration method

Biofuels, mixtures - trace elements

XRF

Sulfur in fuels, biofuels, and mixtures

Zetium - Oil-Trace: Analysis of sulfur in fuels, biofuels and mixtures using a mineral oil calibration

Catalytic cracking - residual elements

XRF

Cl in fresh, regenerated, and spent alumina- supported catalysts

Zetium - The analysis of total chloride in alumina-supported catalysts by WD XRF according to UOP 979

Catalytic cracking - sample preparation

SPE

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts - residue in petroleum: Ni, Va, Si, Al, Na, Ca,

Dissolution of Fuel Oil Using Borate Fusion for ICP-OES Analysis in Accordance with ASTM D 5184, IP377 and IP501

Coal - phase identification and quantification

XRD-C

Quartz(SiO2), kaolinite(Al2Si2O5(OH)4), calcite(CaCO3), dolomite(CaMg(CO3)2, Siderite(FeCO3), anatase(TiO2)

Analysis of coal and related materials by XRD

Coal - sample preparation for ICP

SPE

Coal, Coal Ash, Coal Fly Ash

Characterization of Coal, Coal Ash and Coal Fly Ash using Borate Fusion for ICP Analysis

Coal - elemental analysis

XRF

Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, S, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, SrO, and BaO in unashed coal samples

Analysis of inorganic major and minor compounds in un-ashed coal samples prepared as pressed powder

Diesel - trace elements

XRF

Silicon (Si), Sulphur (S), and Chlorine (Cl) in diesel

Accurate elemental analysis of low silicon, sulfur and chlorine content in petroleum products and automotive fuels

Gasoline - lead content

XRF

Lead in Gasoline

Zetium - Analysis of low concentrations of lead in gasoline according to ASTM D5059-07 test method C

Gasoline - nanobubbles

NTA

Hydrogen nanobubbles in gasoline

Nanobubble Applications and Characterization by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Gasoline - trace elements

XRF

Phosphorous in fuels

Zetium - Analysis of low-level phosphorus in gasoline

Gasoline and diesel – Low-level sulfur content

XRF

Sulfur, petroleum

Analysis of low-level sulfur in petroleum products in accordance with ISO 20884:11 and ASTM D2622-10

Gasoline and diesel - sulfur content

XRF

Sulfur in car fuels

EPA Tier 3 Compliant Analysis of Ultra Low Sulfur Fuels

Fuel cells

Fuel cell technology is a growing area. Lots of the current research around fuel cell materials lies within Inorganic Chemistry, so check out that page for more application examples. Otherwise, enjoy exploring the information on our fuel cell research solutions below!

Fuel Cells

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Electrocatalysts Used in Fuel Cells

XRD, XRF, LD

Vulcan XC-72 carbon black

Characterization of Electrocatalysts Used in PEM Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells

Hydrogen storage materials - performance

XRD-C

Lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5), Ammonia borane (NH3BH3)

High-pressure and high-temperature studies of hydrogen storage materials

Catalytic Ink for electrodes – crystallographic structure, particle size and agglomeration 

XRD-C, LD, DLS, ELS 

Pt nano particles supported in Carbon particles and agglomerates

Analysis of Catalytic Ink for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC’s)

Lubricants

The study of lubricants is important for automotive engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, chemistry, recycling, and the environment. For instance, studying used lubricants can be a diagnostic for wear in machine parts. Below, we’ve collected a few examples of how our analytical solutions can support lubricant research. Check them out to discover more!

Lubricants Research

Method

Sample

Application Note Title (Link)

Lubricants - wear metals content

XRF

Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ba, and Pb in unused and used lubricating oils

Oil-Trace: accurate elemental analysis of additives and wear metals in fresh and used lubrication oils

Lubricants- additives and wear metals content

XRF

Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ba, and Pb in unused and used lubricating oils

Analysis of additives and wear metals in used lubricating oils using Oil-Trace

Lubricants - additives content

XRF

Mg, P, S, Cl, Ca, Cu, Zn, and Ba in unused lubricating oil

Analysis of additives in unused lubricating oils according to ASTM D4927-10 and ASTM D6443-04 (2010)

Automotive oils - identification

XRF

Lubricating oils

Material identification by FingerPrint

Automotive oils - recycling

XRF

S, Cl in waste oil

Analysis of S and CI in waste oil using an Ag-anode X-ray tube

Oils - base fluids

GPC

Polyalfaolefins (PAO), (PAO6, PAO40, PAO100) in THF

Comparing multi-detector GPC and APC for polyalphaolefin analysis

약어 설명

당사의 제품 및 기술은 제품 페이지에 설명되어 있습니다. 아래에서 측정 이름 및 약어와 함께 당사 기기로 측정한 특성에 대한 빠른 참조를 찾을 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용을 보려면 각 방법을 클릭하십시오! 

약어

방법 이름

기기

측정된 특성

DLS

동적 광산란

Zetasizer

분자 크기, 유체역학적 반경 RH, 입자 크기, 크기 분포, 안정성, 농도, 응집

ELS

전기 영동 광산란

Zetasizer

제타 전위, 입자 전하, 현탁액 안정성, 단백질 이동도

ITC

등온 적정 열량측정법

MicroCal  ITC

결합 친화도, 용액 내 분자 반응의 열역학

DSC

시차 주사 열량측정법

Microcal DSC

대형 분자의 변성(풀림), 거대분자의 안정성

GCI

도파관 간섭법

Creoptix WAVEsystem

실시간 결합 동역학 및 결합 친화도, 유체를 사용한 무표지

IMG

자동 이미지 분석

Morphologi 4

입자 영상 처리, 자동 형상 및 크기 측정

MDRS

형태학적 기반 라만 분광법

Morphologi 4-ID

입자 영상 처리, 자동 형상 및 크기 측정, 화학적 식별 및 오염물 검출

LD

레이저 회절

Mastersizer

Spraytec

Insitec

Parsum

입자 크기, 크기 분포

NTA

나노 입자 추적 분석

NanoSight

입자 크기, 크기 분포 및 농도

SEC  또는  GPC

크기 배제 크로마토그래피 /

겔 투과 크로마토그래피

OMNISEC

분자 크기, 분자량, 올리고머 상태, 폴리머 또는 단백질 크기 및 분자 구조

SPE

융합을 통한 샘플 전처리

Le Neo

LeDoser

Eagon 2

OxAdvanced

M4

rFusion

XRF를 위한 용융 비드 샘플 전처리, ICP를 위한 과산화물 용액 전처리, 비드 만들기를 위한 플럭스 칭량

UV/Vis/NIR/ SWIR

자외선/가시광선/근적외선/단파 적외선 분광측정법

LabSpec

FieldSpec

TerraSpec

QualitySpec

물질 식별 및 분석, 수분, 광물, 탄소 함량. 공기중 및 위성 분광 기법을 위한 지상 실측.

PFTNA

펄스화된 빠른 열 중성자 활성화

CNA

인라인 원소 분석

XRD-C

X선 회절 (결정학)

Aeris

Empyrean

분자 결정 구조 정제,

결정상 식별 및 정량화, 결정질 대 비결정질 비율, 결정질 크기 분석

XRD-M

X선 회절 (미세구조)

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

잔류 응력, 텍스처

XRD-CT

컴퓨터 단층촬영에 의한 X선 흡수 영상 처리

Empyrean

고체, 다공성 및 밀도의 3D 영상 처리

SAXS

소각 X선 산란

Empyrean

나노입자, 크기, 형태 및 구조

GISAXS

그레이징 입사 소각 X선 산란

Empyrean

나노구조의 박막 및 표면

HR-XRD

고분해능 X선 회절

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

박막 및 에피택시 다층, 조성, 변형, 두께, 품질

XRR

X선 반사측정

Empyrean

X’Pert3 MRD(XL)

박막 및 표면, 막 두께, 표면 및 계면 조도

XRF

X선 형광

Epsilon

Zetium

Axios FAST

2830 ZT

원소 조성, 원소 농도, 미량 원소, 오염물 검출